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www.titlovi.com

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CENTURIES OF WARFARE

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WAR OF THE EAGLES
EASTERN COLOR 1914 -1918.

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There is a lot of fighting on the 1st floor
more mobile than in the West.

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It advances and withdraws tens
kilometers, not hundreds of meters.

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And the color palette is much longer.

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From the lowlands of East Prussia and
Galicia to the Austro-Hungarian Carpathians.

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There are primarily three empires at war.

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Germany, united less than
40 years old, led by the ambitious Wilhelm II.

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Her southern neighbor is
the old Austro-Hungarian Monarchy,

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the shadow of the state that centuries ago,
and the ruler is the old emperor Franjo Josip.

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Their opponent is huge Russia
The empire ruled by Nicholas II,

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an autocratic but vacillating emperor.

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As in the west, all the originals
war plans mostly fail.

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A large but clumsy Russian army
from Poland attacks in two directions.

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In the north, they would destroy the Germans in
the same Prussia before the campaign on Berlin

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while at the same time they would surround
the Austrian army in Galicia.

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Campaign in East Prussia
it soon turns into a disaster.

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At the end of August, the Germans destroy
one Russian army in Tannenberg.

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The second army is rejected by
of the Niemen River, with great losses.

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In southern Galicia, the Austrians and
The Russians collide during the attack.

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But the Austrians are retreating
north of the slopes of the Carpathians.

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But the Austrians in the south
they are fighting on another color.

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They want to quickly break Serbia,
which is considered the initiator of the war,

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until they mobilize and come
the fraternal Slavs of Russia helped her.

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But Serbs and Montenegrins very quickly
they stop the Austrian offensive.

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After autumn
attacks and counterattacks,

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by the end of the year, the Serbs drove them away
Austrians across the Danube.

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Although they have 250 by mid-September
thousand victims, the Russians were not paid.

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Bulky mobilization
the machine is just warming up

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while the Russian soldiers move on
west, on the other side of the Urals,

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and the troops from Siberia should
the whole month to be deployed.

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Russian commander, Grand Duke
Nikola, the emperor's uncle, is on the film,

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with French encouragement
decides to attack near Silesia.

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The Germans do not believe that the Austrians
they can eliminate that threat themselves.

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Along the Race to the Sea on the west
color, reinforcements cannot arrive.

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Winners at Tannenberg,
von Hindenburg and von Ludendorff,

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two thirds must be determined
army in East Prussia

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and he came with the German 9th Army
by train to help the Austrians.

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Convinced that attack is the best
defense, the Germans advance

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impassable southernmost
part of Poland towards Warsaw,

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the main Russian supply base.

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Learning of German intentions,
Prince Nikola until the end of September

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deploys forces along the Vistula in order to
attacked from the flank north of Var�ava.

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Cross the Vistula, October 9
The Germans surround Warsaw.

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After a bitter struggle and the Russian
attacks from the flanks, the Germans retreat.

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The Russians enter East Prussia again,
but despite the weak German defense,

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and with the enthusiasm they had in August
they don't go all the way and soon stop.

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Meanwhile from the south
the Austrians also attack.

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in five days they succeeded
capture the Przemysl fortress,

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but the defense on the San River is too strong
to advance further east.

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While the Germans are retreating from Warsaw,
The Russians attack the Austrians,

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they reject you again
isolate Przemysl again.

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Encouraged by the success, the Russians
are preparing for a new incursion into Silesia,

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but like the eyes of Tannenberg, weak
radio security betrays their plan.

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von Mackensen's tenacious 9th Army
It is marching steadily towards the north

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and in November from the northwest
attacks the advancing Russians.

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It follows for both sides
extremely desperate battle for Lodz.

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The Russians are retreating towards Warsaw.
Their invasion attempt fails.

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Germans and Austrians
they have about 130 thousand dead,

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and 150 thousand Russians were captured.

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At the end of 1914, both sides
they pause to catch their breath.

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The Germans are stronger than the Russians
there is a great shortage of artillery and ammunition,

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but the Russians certainly are
brought the Austrians into trouble.

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The Germans understand that the Austrians
they need help in new offensives.

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Von Falkenhayn, �ef
of the German General Staff,

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after a failed breakthrough
near Ypres in November 1914,

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transfers the army of the West to
You are afraid that there will be a war there.

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Austro-Hungarian-German plan for
the beginning of 1915 includes offensives

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rejection of Russians from East Prussia
and in the south as far as possible from the Carpathians,

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to break the siege of Przemysl.

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Carpathian offensive
starts in mid-January.

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They made little progress in the deep
they stopped snowing in two weeks.

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That is why Austrian is taught in March
garrison in besieged Przemysl.

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Additional Russian forces are taking it back
a bit of lost mountain terrain.

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The invasion of East Prussia is going better.

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The Russian 10th Army hardly even has regiments
and around 90,000 soldiers were captured.

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But the Russians are extremely resilient
and gather another army

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which counterattack
stops the German offensive.

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Russian soldier at his best!

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Innate vitality i
stoicism in distress

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are the qualities that keep them there
an army that suffers foreign losses.

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The Central Powers are now in doubt.

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Von Hindenburg will
attack again from East Prussia,

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but the Austrian commander
Conrad von Hoetzendorf claims

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to decide the victory
won in the southern part of Poland.

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Arbitrated by von Falkenhayn,
on the far left of the shot.

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He favors the Austrian proposal

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while the Hindenburg Plan
reduced to supplementary surgery.

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The Kaiser fully supports him in this.

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While they strain,
two more colors are opened.

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After a lot of German
persuasion, Turkey enters the war

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and at the end of October 1914, Turkey
navy attacks on the Black Sea.

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The Turks are hatching a plan to invade the Caucasus
with the help of the uprising in Georgia.

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But winter is not the most suitable
age for warfare in that region.

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95 thousand Turks
enters Russian Armenia.

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The Russians call for reinforcements and
the Turks reject the counterattack

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who lose 75 percent of their soldiers,
many as victims of the great cold.

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By the end of 1915, on
that color is where peace reigns.

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The Caucasus is encouraging a new offensive.

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At the beginning of January, the Russians asked for yes
the allies remove the Turkish threats.

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The result is English-French
expedition to the Dardanelles.

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The plan is to occupy the hilly entrance to Crno
sea and threaten Constantinople.

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In February and March 1915.
warships were breaking through

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through the straits and into the Black Sea,
but their plans are ruined by mines.

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British, Australian and French
On April 25, the soldiers began their landing.

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With heavy losses,
they manage to take some strongholds.

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Due to determined Turkish resistance,
a new bitter stalemate is emerging.

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The victim that on Gallipoli in particular
submitted by Australians and New Zealanders

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later it was considered an acquisition
coming of age in those two countries.

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Heat and unsanitary conditions
cause many diseases.

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Despite the reinforcements,
there is no movement at all.

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The Entente retreats
at the beginning of January 1916,

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after more than 250 thousand victims.

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The Turks are compensated for their losses with
Caucasus and an incentive for further struggle.

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In May 1915, he entered the war
another country: Italy.

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In order to annex South Tyrol with
many Italians, declare war on Austria.

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Long exhausting battles begin in
the mountains of northeastern Italy,

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on a terrain that favors defense.

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Howitzers are being produced

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with its large shooting angle
necessary for mountain strongholds.

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Both sides have
troops on skis.

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These are the Austrians on patrol.

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For transporting people and supplies
served by light rail,

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even a firecracker.

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Special mountain cannons are often used
they carry the highest peaks in parts.

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Soldiers must adapt
the height at which breathing is difficult,

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and energy is quickly consumed.

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However, the fights are often violent.

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In the next 2.5 years, no one advances
significantly though they try.

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The Germans therefore have to send more� 
soldiers to help the Austrians.

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In May 1915, he began
spring offensive against Russia.

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14 divisions attack south of the river
Vistula, between Gorlica and Tarnow.

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They immediately rejected the Russians
back across the San River.

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They conquer Przemysl again,
and Lemberg also falls.

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After a whole year of fighting for
Przemysl, only the ruins remain.

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They seem to have crushed the Russians,
especially when it's in July

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from East Prussia
von Hindenburg also arrived.

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Retreat to the east, Russians
they destroy all important bridges.

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German engineering must be fast
repair or replace bridges

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if you want to progress further.
That's why engineers work day and night.

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The bridges were finished, then the Germans
and the Austrians can progress.

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The Russians have heavy losses again.

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On August 5, the Germans enter Warsaw

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which has been their seat ever since
government in occupied Poland.

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Despite the losses and Germany
advancement, the Russians do not give in.

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The generals obviously have no vision,
so the emperor takes command.

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It commands the setting
new and shorter defensive lines.

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It was completed by October and is being delivered
from Riga on the Baltic to Romania,

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and successfully resists further
Austrian-German penetrations.

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After the unsuccessful Austrian one
invasion of Serbia in 1914,

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the Balkans are peaceful until
October 1915 when Bulgaria

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approaches the Axis and attacks Serbia with
the Austrian-German army.

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That opportunistic decision
Bulgarian King Ferdinand,

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which we see on
recordings, crushing Serbia.

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Serbs are retreating in front of more numerous i
to the stronger ones who overrun their land.

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The Austrians then occupy Crna
Gore and Albania, at the beginning of 1916.

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So at the beginning of 1916
The Central Powers advance to the east.

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The Dardanelles are finally back
 �firmly under Turkish control,

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and the Turks still
they keep the Russians in the east.

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And the Balkans were mostly overrun, although
Anglo-French forces in Thessaloniki

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unsuccessfully trying to help
to the Serbs. Greece joins the war,

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so that's a significant diversion
attention from the western color,

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but that doesn't stop the Bulgarians
to advance south.

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The Germans call Thessaloniki theirs
the largest concentration camp.

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Italians in vain
attack the Austrian defense.

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The Russians are losing a lot of territory and more
of 2 million people during 1915.

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They still fight though.

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The French and British attack in 1916
in the west, as well as Italians and Russians.

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At the same time, the Germans are satisfied
successes in the east during 1915,

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they decide to focus on the west.

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But in January 1916, the Russians
they attack Turkish Armenia.

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They make good use of durables
two-humped camels from the Asian steppes

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on which the Mongols
devastated Europe 700 years ago.

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The intrusion was successful. Not only that
occupy the key fortress of Erzerum

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but also the port of Trezibond, with
help of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

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The Turks suffer even more
in an attempt to counteroffensive

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in which only units are reported
which fought at the Dardanelles.

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By autumn, they have had enough
and they return to the defensive.

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The new Russian general Alexei Brusilov
leads the main offensive in 1916.

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He realizes that the secret of success is the Axis
in a good railway network

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which enables fast switching
shelters in endangered places.

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That's why Brusilov attacks on Ārokoy
battle lines to block the reserves.

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Also, rather attacks
Austrians than Germans.

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Careful preparations include excavation
trenches 70 m from the Austrian line

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and a large underground shelter
for protection from artillery fire.

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All are Russian preparations
completed by the end of May.

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The only question is whether there are any
the Russian army and the Russian people,

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willing to endure another offensive.

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Brusilov the great Russian
the offensive begins on July 4, 1916.

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Almost a month before the offensive
British and French in the west.

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Despite violent counterattacks,
the Austrian defense soon has a hole.

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The Russians are making steady progress
towards the Carpathians in the south

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and towards the Buga River in the north.

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The biggest Austrian problem
there is a shortage of artillery shells.

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Now, for a change, they are Russian
cannons superior to opponents.

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Austrians soon,
almost panicked, retreating.

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Many are captured and it seems that
the Austrian army is on the verge of collapse.

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Although very busy around Verdun
and on the Somme on the western front,

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The Germans are desperately trying to gather
save to prevent ruin.

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Encouraged by Brusil's success,
Romania declares war on the Axis

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at the end of August. Fatal decision!

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While the Romanians are mobilizing the reserve,

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the Russian offensive is slowing down
due to lack of manpower and supplies.

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The Germans attack the northern wing
Russian wedge. Although it endured,

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Brusilov retreats to the starting points
positions are considered vulnerable.

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At the beginning of September, German,
Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian forces

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they turned to isolated Romania.

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Her five thousand soldiers
not badly equipped,

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but they have a weak choir
although the soldiers have enough elan.

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Romania is insufficient
ready for the next rush.

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Central forces, with a more effective one
communication and more experienced soldiers,

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they proved to be too strong.

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By the end of the year they had overtaken
are the bulk of Romania

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Whose army still holds only
the northernmost province of Moldova.

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Only Russian support
keeps the Romanians in the war.

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Brusil's offensive is proof that
the organized Russians are fighting very well.

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The Russian soldier proved it again
his courage and endurance.

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00:29:55,600 --> 00:30:02,039
Humiliation for retreating
however, it affects Russian morale.

220
00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:09,040
Soldiers hardly accept loss
territories conquered with many victims.

221
00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:16,079
Hundreds of thousands of them were buried in
ist. Prussia, Galicia and the Carpathians.

222
00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:20,399
Many others wither away
German and Austrian camps.

223
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:25,359
No news from home, no
hopes await the end of the war.

224
00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:32,360
The only thing that weighs them down is that they are at least alive.

225
00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:55,360
Many wounded are unbearable
pressure on the failing healthcare.

226
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:12,200
The Russian army is threatened with disintegration. Only
attentive care will maintain its strength.

227
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:28,039
But in Russia itself, behind the battlefield,
the fabric of society begins to disintegrate.

228
00:31:28,040 --> 00:31:35,040
The economy is collapsing, the industry
is at a standstill, except for the military one.

229
00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:38,319
The transportation system is also collapsing.

230
00:31:38,320 --> 00:31:43,159
The end of the fighting is not in sight
the Russian people are beginning to despair.

231
00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:50,160
All this is aggravated by foreign Russia
winter that makes life even more difficult.

232
00:32:13,840 --> 00:32:19,399
Agriculture suffers from a shortage
people and treasure driven to war.

233
00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:26,400
Food supplies are drying up
great hunger is evident in the streets.

234
00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:39,999
The number of strikes is increasing
the way of waging war is being re-examined.

235
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:44,439
Bolsheviks and other revolutionaries
fan the flames of discontent

236
00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:48,159
through illegal newspapers and leaflets.

237
00:32:48,160 --> 00:32:51,439
Particularly fertile ground is the navy,

238
00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:57,319
inactive in ports for months,
so boredom and dissatisfaction grow.

239
00:32:57,320 --> 00:33:04,199
In the fall of 1916, rebellions break out and
in the Baltic and Black Sea fleets.

240
00:33:04,200 --> 00:33:08,679
The emperor and his retinue are increasingly isolated.

241
00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:15,680
That doesn't help at all
he is hesitant and listless.

242
00:33:20,680 --> 00:33:26,439
even people close to him
they are offended because she is the empress,

243
00:33:26,440 --> 00:33:30,679
otherwise much more decisive than
men in state affairs,

244
00:33:30,680 --> 00:33:37,680
under the strong influence of his
wicked religious guru Rasputin.

245
00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:45,439
It's even worse, the king and the clique
to revolutionary threats

246
00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:50,439
they respond with stronger repression.
Some nobles even negotiate secretly

247
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:57,440
with the Germans convinced that they would
at the end of the war removed the threat to the crown.

248
00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:03,879
Some from a privileged group
they are so desperate around the emperor

249
00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:08,439
that on December 30, 1916
they are trying to kill Rasputin.

250
00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:11,639
The emperor does not understand the hint.

251
00:34:11,640 --> 00:34:18,640
He ignores calls for reforms and the government
more sensitive to the sufferings of the people.

252
00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:28,480
The number of workers is growing rapidly
in �traj. The tension is rising.

253
00:34:34,760 --> 00:34:41,760
At the beginning of March, the parliament, the Duma,
ambush in the middle of noisy protests.

254
00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:50,559
From the main headquarters to the emperor
orders to suppress the rebellion by force,

255
00:34:50,560 --> 00:34:57,560
and that the Duma be dissolved.

256
00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:03,559
Both measures were unsuccessful
and the military garrison in Petrograd,

257
00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:10,560
what is Saint Petersburg called
since 1914, he joins the protest.

258
00:35:10,680 --> 00:35:15,319
The Duma establishes a temporary committee which
would try to establish order and peace.

259
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:18,519
At the same time, a new body is created:

260
00:35:18,520 --> 00:35:23,559
Soviet of Workers and Soldiers of Petrograd
dedicated to the establishment of the parliament

261
00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:28,599
based on general, equal,
secret and direct right to vote.

262
00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:33,679
Revolutionaries prevent
the emperor's return to Petrograd by train.

263
00:35:33,680 --> 00:35:40,680
Completely isolated, the emperor realized that he
only one thing remains: abdication.

264
00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:47,799
He did so on March 15, 1917.

265
00:35:47,800 --> 00:35:52,959
He hands over the throne to his brother, the great one
to Duke Mihajlo, who refuses him.

266
00:35:52,960 --> 00:35:59,159
Nikolaj and his family are arrested for five
days. That is the end of the Russian monarchy.

267
00:35:59,160 --> 00:36:03,999
Representatives of all political parties
option establish a Provisional Government.

268
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:08,159
But the Petrograd Soviet
remains a separate body,

269
00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:15,160
This causes more and more difficulties.

270
00:36:16,840 --> 00:36:23,840
The government refuses to suppress it by force
she is restless and prone to negotiations.

271
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:34,120
The regime convinces the West
allies that Russia remains in the war.

272
00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:41,879
The Petrograd Soviet invites the war-torn
countries to renounce conquest

273
00:36:41,880 --> 00:36:46,199
and conclude a truce as soon as possible.
Not even Russia can continue the war

274
00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:53,200
without the full support of the army
in which the agitators infiltrate.

275
00:36:56,160 --> 00:37:01,039
He wants to take advantage of the situation,
The Germans also play their part.

276
00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:06,479
The main Bolshevik leader Vladimir
llji� Uljanov, known as Lenin,

277
00:37:06,480 --> 00:37:11,839
he is in exile in Switzerland
since 1905 with a group of followers.

278
00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:17,279
In April 1917, the Germans arranged for him
secretly transferred to Russia by train

279
00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:20,519
via Sweden and Finland.

280
00:37:20,520 --> 00:37:24,719
Lenin's exclamation
All power to the Soviets!

281
00:37:24,720 --> 00:37:30,319
The Soviets should replace
Provisional government, that is.

282
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:37,239
That government is now dominated by a new one
Minister of War Alexander Kerensky.

283
00:37:37,240 --> 00:37:42,439
In order to ensure the support of the army,
appoints commissioners to various headquarters

284
00:37:42,440 --> 00:37:49,440
as a connection between the established
board of soldiers and commanders.

285
00:37:56,200 --> 00:38:02,519
He calls Brusilova who is the chief of staff
led the summer offensive in 1916.

286
00:38:02,520 --> 00:38:09,520
The two are planning a new big one
offensive with more serviceable units.

287
00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:17,360
The idea is to attack Galicia again,
north and south of the Dniester.

288
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,639
They collect all the remaining weapons.

289
00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:26,479
They have more cannons and grenades than in
to any previous offensive.

290
00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:29,679
The rest of the preparations are extremely weak.

291
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:36,680
The Austrians and Germans expect an attack
because everyone in Petrograd is talking about it.

292
00:38:51,440 --> 00:38:58,440
The offensive begins on July 1,
after two days of bombing.

293
00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:03,719
It is very ineffective against
well-prepared defenses.

294
00:39:03,720 --> 00:39:09,199
The first line is the German defense
weak and the Russians break through it,

295
00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:16,200
but when they come across another
line, the Russians hardly suffer.

296
00:39:29,800 --> 00:39:34,159
Austro-Hungarian defense in the south
it is much weaker than the Dniester.

297
00:39:34,160 --> 00:39:38,359
The Russians manage to do it
wedge between two armies.

298
00:39:38,360 --> 00:39:42,519
But by mid-July
they are stopped everywhere.

299
00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:45,679
The counter-offensive starts in 3 days.

300
00:39:45,680 --> 00:39:52,680
Under German attack
the fragile defense of Kerensky is breaking down.

301
00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:57,719
His soldiers flee to
panic, many desert.

302
00:39:57,720 --> 00:40:01,679
They recover only on
the old border of Austria-Hungary.

303
00:40:01,680 --> 00:40:05,919
Death squads round up deserters,
they are shot or hanged.

304
00:40:05,920 --> 00:40:12,919
Those and other draconian measures
prevent further penetration of the Axis.

305
00:40:12,920 --> 00:40:19,920
This disaster
increases civil unrest.

306
00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:27,080
Lenin tries in July
coup d'état in Petrograd.

307
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:36,959
Kerensky suppresses the rebellion with help
loyal soldiers withdrawn from the front.

308
00:40:36,960 --> 00:40:43,359
Lenin flees to Finland while Kerensky
becomes the head of the Provisional Government.

309
00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:50,360
After all, the country is ruled by anarchy.

310
00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:59,999
In the face of increasingly worse conditions, Kerensky
turned to General Kornilov

311
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:04,239
whom he appointed as chief
sto�er instead of Brusilov.

312
00:41:04,240 --> 00:41:08,599
Kornilov would support Kerensky
only if he applies harsh measures

313
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:15,600
against civil and military rebellion.

314
00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:26,439
It goes against democracy
which the Provisional Government undertook.

315
00:41:26,440 --> 00:41:32,439
Kerensky is wrongly reported
that Kornilov wants to abolish the Government

316
00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:38,559
and take over all the power.
because of this, Kornilov was arrested.

317
00:41:38,560 --> 00:41:45,560
These September events mean
that Kerensky is losing the support of the officers.

318
00:41:48,320 --> 00:41:53,519
Meanwhile, in his latest
attack, the Germans occupy Riga,

319
00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:59,119
the second largest
a Russian port in the Baltic.

320
00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:06,120
They use the raider tactics that they want
Experience the Entente in the spring of 1918.

321
00:42:14,320 --> 00:42:19,279
After Riga, the Germans stop
and are waiting for the development of events

322
00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:26,280
although many Russian soldiers now
they refuse to fight and just retreat.

323
00:42:31,680 --> 00:42:34,879
Lenin and the Bolsheviks wait calmly

324
00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:40,039
knowing that isolation is growing
Provisional government opens space,

325
00:42:40,040 --> 00:42:43,679
but they are ready in a week or so.

326
00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:48,999
Leon Trotsky receives a key task
to win over or at least neutralize

327
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:53,639
about 350 thousand soldiers in
Petrograd military district.

328
00:42:53,640 --> 00:43:00,559
He plays very successfully on theirs
reluctance to return to the battlefield.

329
00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:07,560
The revolutionaries are supported by 60 thousand
embittered sailors of the Baltic fleet.

330
00:43:09,200 --> 00:43:14,079
Lenin is from Finland
secretly returns on the 30th of Iistopada.

331
00:43:14,080 --> 00:43:18,239
Revolutionary was founded
the military board which its commissars

332
00:43:18,240 --> 00:43:25,240
Send to all regiments and ships.

333
00:43:25,920 --> 00:43:31,039
The Provisional Government was only formed last night
revolution understands what is happening

334
00:43:31,040 --> 00:43:38,040
while the Bolshevik forces gather.

335
00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:43,759
Cruise ship Aurora, anchored at
Nevi flowing through Petrograd,

336
00:43:43,760 --> 00:43:49,079
the return to Kornstadt was ordered
that the cannons do not help the revolution.

337
00:43:49,080 --> 00:43:54,199
Both sides race to the bridges
which connect the Petrograd islands.

338
00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:58,999
By the end of November 6, the revolutionaries
they control most of the bridges.

339
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:03,279
They also occupied the telegraph office
and the main railway station.

340
00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:09,879
Everything is ready for the uprising
which starts the next day.

341
00:44:09,880 --> 00:44:15,199
Early on November 7, Kerensky panicked
calls other garrisons on the phone,

342
00:44:15,200 --> 00:44:19,359
especially the Cossacks,
known opponents of the Bolsheviks.

343
00:44:19,360 --> 00:44:24,199
But their morale is low like in the others
units and react slowly.

344
00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:31,200
Meanwhile, revolutionaries
occupy other key positions.

345
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:42,719
By mid-morning, Kerensky had already
Desperate, he goes to the headquarters by car

346
00:44:42,720 --> 00:44:47,199
in order to find loyal ones
soldiers who would suppress the revolution.

347
00:44:47,200 --> 00:44:53,399
He left the session of the Provisional Government
in the winter palace and never came back.

348
00:44:53,400 --> 00:44:59,679
Now it is a winter palace
in the center of attention.

349
00:44:59,680 --> 00:45:06,199
Brani is a charmer
a unit of Cossacks and cadets.

350
00:45:06,200 --> 00:45:09,399
There is also a battalion of female soldiers.

351
00:45:09,400 --> 00:45:14,079
The government refuses requests to surrender.

352
00:45:14,080 --> 00:45:19,319
Aurora cruiser guns
that evening, they attack the palace.

353
00:45:19,320 --> 00:45:23,639
Many defenders
the palaces are deserting.

354
00:45:23,640 --> 00:45:28,759
By 11 p.m., only a handful remain
revolutionaries break into the palace,

355
00:45:28,760 --> 00:45:33,879
as perpetuated by scenes
Eisenstein's 1928 film.

356
00:45:33,880 --> 00:45:37,119
Ten days that shook the world.

357
00:45:37,120 --> 00:45:42,839
Searching room by room, they find i
they arrest the ministers of the Provisional Government.

358
00:45:42,840 --> 00:45:46,039
The revolution won.

359
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:53,040
They soon destroy everything
symbols of the previous regime.

360
00:45:59,920 --> 00:46:03,159
in which day Moscow also falls,

361
00:46:03,160 --> 00:46:07,319
but in most other cities
revolutionaries fail.

362
00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:11,479
Only after many
fight to control the whole country.

363
00:46:11,480 --> 00:46:18,480
But Russia is further in
war with the Central Powers.

364
00:46:28,760 --> 00:46:31,919
They sent a peace offer to Germany.

365
00:46:31,920 --> 00:46:36,239
Armistice on the 1st battle
takes effect in mid-December.

366
00:46:36,240 --> 00:46:40,399
This enables the Germans to
they transferred the army to the western front

367
00:46:40,400 --> 00:46:47,400
and attack the Entente until it strengthens
American presence in France.

368
00:46:49,120 --> 00:46:53,719
One of Russia's allies already
it really feels the increase of humanity

369
00:46:53,720 --> 00:46:58,439
which is available after
cessation of fighting in the east.

370
00:46:58,440 --> 00:47:03,879
On October 24, 1914, the Austrian and
German divisions attack the Italians

371
00:47:03,880 --> 00:47:10,880
in the mountains of northeastern Italy.

372
00:47:21,600 --> 00:47:25,759
The Italians were hit hard
big losses in these 2 years

373
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:29,239
mostly fruitless attacks.

374
00:47:29,240 --> 00:47:33,439
They are mentally incompetent
face a devastating blow.

375
00:47:33,440 --> 00:47:40,440
Several counterattacks fail them.

376
00:48:01,240 --> 00:48:08,240
Soon the Austrians and the Germans
they break through the main defense line.

377
00:48:17,000 --> 00:48:22,239
They make their way through the mountains into the lowlands
they also capture many Italians

378
00:48:22,240 --> 00:48:29,240
who are retreating more and more panicked.

379
00:48:35,600 --> 00:48:42,600
Just by the Piave river, only 24 km
from Venice, the Italians are entering.

380
00:48:47,120 --> 00:48:51,759
due to the frenetic flight of the Italians,
The British and French are forced

381
00:48:51,760 --> 00:48:58,760
send 11 divisions from France
to help them defend themselves.

382
00:48:59,360 --> 00:49:06,360
Due to foreign losses since 1914.
by 1917, Russia must make peace.

383
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:16,719
The Bolsheviks hope that he will escape
loss of territory, but they have to

384
00:49:16,720 --> 00:49:21,319
states of Poland and the Baltic states,
and hand over part of the Caucasus to Turkey

385
00:49:21,320 --> 00:49:28,320
before the signing of peace in
Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918.

386
00:49:32,080 --> 00:49:39,080
Austrians and Germans enter the
Ukraine, at the instigation of the Ukrainians.

387
00:49:45,520 --> 00:49:50,639
Otherwise, the capital of Russia, Ukraine
seeks independence from Petrograd.

388
00:49:50,640 --> 00:49:56,679
He also signs a separate peace with the powers
Shafts occupying the whole of it.

389
00:49:56,680 --> 00:50:01,839
And so is Romania
forced to surrender.

390
00:50:01,840 --> 00:50:08,840
While retreating, the Russians are really
aware of the humiliation of this truce.

391
00:50:16,400 --> 00:50:19,959
But there is no rest for soldiers.

392
00:50:19,960 --> 00:50:24,119
Bolshevik bosses soon
they send them to all corners of Russia

393
00:50:24,120 --> 00:50:31,120
into an already bloody civil war.

394
00:50:35,960 --> 00:50:40,359
The Western Allies are trying hard
to support Kerensky's government.

395
00:50:40,360 --> 00:50:44,599
Through the northern ports
Arkhangelsk and Murmansk

396
00:50:44,600 --> 00:50:51,600
The British and the French are sending
help the opponents of the Bolsheviks.

397
00:50:55,280 --> 00:51:00,799
By the spring of 1918, they started
send warships there as well.

398
00:51:00,800 --> 00:51:07,800
Japan, USA and Britain are sending the army
and ships to Vladivostok in the east.

399
00:51:15,360 --> 00:51:18,599
That was the beginning of the allied intervention

400
00:51:18,600 --> 00:51:25,600
adds another dimension
Russian civil war.

401
00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:32,600
Taken from www.titlovi.com